I think you answered your own question in the picture you posted. You make note of a "Chemical Adjusting Knob". That's it!
If you have opened your flowmeter knob, and the chem adjusting knob all the way, then you may simply have a problem with a worn or inoperable component.
Make sure you have adequately primed the system by closing the valve below the chem pump, and simultaneously opening the silver colored handle on the valve located to the left of the chemical pump. Don't worry about the short burst of "black stuff", unless it is more than one quick burst, or if priming the system does not return everything to normal.
Once it has primed (when the lower hose is flowing continuously). Check the main pressure to see if priming has any effect on the output pressure (which it shouldn't). If all is well, return the silver handled valve to closed, and the black handled valve to open. Chemical should then flow, when the wand is keyed. If not, you are back to diagnosing a worn or inoperable part, such as a blown diaphragm, bad check valve (pump or differential), or a bad chem adjust valve (least likely).